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71.
Chengyong Yang Bolong Huang Shuxing Bai Yonggang Feng Qi Shao Xiaoqing Huang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(24):2001267
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising process relative to energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. While conventional electrocatalysts underperform with sluggish paths, achieving dissociation of N2 brings the key challenge for enhancing NRR. This study proposes an effective surface chalcogenation strategy to improve the NRR performance of pristine metal nanocrystals (NCs). Surprisingly, the NH3 yield and Faraday efficiency (FE) (175.6 ± 23.6 mg h–1 g–1Rh and 13.3 ± 0.4%) of Rh-Se NCs is significantly enhanced by 16 and 15 times, respectively. Detailed investigations show that the superior activity and high FE are attributed to the effect of surface chalcogenation, which not only can decrease the apparent activation energy, but also inhibit the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. Theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interface strain effect within core@shell system induces a critical redox inversion, resulting in a rather low valence state of Rh and Se surface sites. Such strong correlation indicates an efficient electron-transfer minimizing NRR barrier. Significantly, the surface chalcogenation strategy is general, which can extend to create other NRR metal electrocatalysts with enhanced performance. This strategy open a new avenue for future NH3 production for breakthrough in the bottleneck of NRR. 相似文献
72.
Zhonghao XIE 《等离子体科学和技术》2020,22(8):85503
Tegillarca granosa (T. granosa) is susceptible to heavy metals, which may pose a threat to
consumer health. Thus, healthy and polluted T. granosa should be distinguished quickly. This
study aimed to rapidly identify heavy metal pollution by using laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with linear regression classification (LRC). Five types of T.
granosa were studied, namely, Cd-, Zn-, Pb-contaminated, mixed contaminated, and control
samples. Threshold method was applied to extract the significant variables from LIBS spectra.
Then, LRC was used to classify the different types of T. granosa. Other classification models
and feature selection methods were used for comparison. LRC was the best model, achieving an
accuracy of 90.67%. Results indicated that LIBS combined with LRC is effective and feasible
for T. granosa heavy metal detection. 相似文献
73.
74.
Bhupendra Singh Nitika Devi Lakshya Mathur Rajesh K. Singh Aman Bhardwaj Sun-Ju Song Dirk Henkensmeier 《Ceramics International》2018,44(6):6170-6175
In the present work, we report a method of fabrication of dense 10 mol% Mg2+-doped cerium pyrophosphate-phosphate (Ce0.9Mg0.1P2O7-PmOn; CMP-P) composites by microwave heat-treatment of the preformed Ce0.9Mg0.1P2O7 substrates in the presence of phosphoric acid. The composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microwave heating at 375 °C for 5 min resulted in the formation of dense CMP-P composites which retained most of the pyrophosphate phase. The electrical conductivity was extracted from the EIS data and for the CMP-P composite prepared by H3PO4 loading for 10 h and microwave heat-treatment for 5 min it was found to be >10?2 S m?1 in 100–250 °C range with a maximum of 0.062 S cm?1 at 190 °C, which was significant for its application as electrolyte in intermediate temperature fuel cells. 相似文献
75.
The titanium carbides are potential candidates to achieve both high hardness and refractory property. We carried out a structural search for titanium carbides at three pressures of 0 GPa, 30 GPa and 50 GPa. A phase diagram of the Ti-C system at 0 K was obtained by elucidating formation enthalpies as a function of compositions, and their mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides were investigated systematically. We also discussed the relation of titanium concentration to the both mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides. It has been found that the average valence electron density and tractility improved at higher concentrations of titanium, while the degree of covalent bonding directionality decreased. To this effect, the hardness of titanium carbide decreases as the content of titanium increases. Our results indicated that the titanium content significantly affected the metallic properties of the Ti-C system. 相似文献
76.
Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu Malkeet Singh Preetkanwal Singh Bains 《Particulate Science and Technology》2018,36(3):324-331
The present study investigates the thermal conductivity of bimodal SiC particulate distribution in aluminum matrix composites fabricated via powder metallurgy route. The effects of the SiCp reinforcement size distribution and processing parameters such as sintering time and temperature on the thermal conductivity have been examined. The Box–Behnken experimental array was employed to identify the effects of selected variables on the thermal conductivity of the composite. A reasonable augmentation in the thermal conductivity was observed with an increase in sintering time and %volume fraction of fine SiC particulates. It has been demonstrated that the matrix doped with fine SiC particulates (37?µm) occupied interstitial positions and formed continuous SiC–matrix network resulting in minimizing the micropores that contributed for good thermal conductivity, that is, 235?W/mK. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to evaluate the microstructure architecture and interfacial phase formation. 相似文献
77.
A wide-band, passively Q-switched fibre lasers based on ytterbium- and thulium-doped fibre gain medium are proposed and demonstrated. The lasers employ a transition metal dichalcogenide, tungsten sulphoselenide as a saturable absorber (SA) which is prepared by mechanical exfoliation technique. By integrating the SA in the laser cavities, self-starting Q-switched at 1038 and 1982?nm are obtained. The generated pulses exhibit a microsecond pulse duration with few kilohertz repetition rate. The proposed SA has high potential as a new material to cater to the needs of various scientific, industrial and biomedical applications. 相似文献
78.
金属基弥散燃料元件在特殊工况下会发生表面起泡失效。燃料颗粒开裂是金属基体开裂的前提条件,只有当金属基体开裂后元件才会发生表面起泡。燃料颗粒开裂后,裂纹宽度和塑性区长度等裂纹特征决定了金属基体开裂行为。基于弹塑性断裂力学和应力平衡条件,建立了基于弥散燃料颗粒开裂的金属基体裂纹特征模型。计算结果表明:裂纹张开位移随退火温度和燃耗深度的升高而增加;裂纹尖端塑性区长度主要与退火温度相关。裂纹张开位移和塑性区长度的计算结果与实验数据均符合较好,验证了金属基体裂纹特征模型的有效性。 相似文献
79.
80.
Giorgio Benedek Joseph R. Manson Salvador Miret-Artés 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(25):2002072
Atom scattering is becoming recognized as a sensitive probe of the electron–phonon interaction parameter λ at metal and metal-overlayer surfaces. Here, the theory is developed, linking λ to the thermal attenuation of atom scattering spectra (in particular, the Debye–Waller factor), to conducting materials of different dimensions, from quasi-1D systems such as W(110):H(1 × 1) and Bi(114), to quasi-2D layered chalcogenides, and high-dimensional surfaces such as quasicrystalline 2ML-Ba(0001)/Cu(001) and d-AlNiCo(00001). Values of λ obtained using He atoms compare favorably with known values for the bulk materials. The corresponding analysis indicates in addition, the number of layers contributing to the electron–phonon interaction, which is measured in an atom surface collision. 相似文献